Which hormone regulates the metabolism of glucose in the body?

Insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose in the body. It is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in controlling blood sugar levels. When glucose enters the bloodstream after eating, insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells, particularly muscle and fat cells, allowing them to use glucose for energy. This process helps lower blood sugar levels to a healthy range.

Moreover, insulin promotes the storage of excess glucose in the liver in the form of glycogen and inhibits the production of glucose by the liver. This comprehensive regulation of glucose metabolism ensures that the body has a steady supply of energy while preventing elevated blood sugar levels, which can lead to complications such as diabetes if not properly managed.

In contrast, hormones like glucagon and adrenaline have different roles in glucose regulation. Glucagon, for instance, primarily works to increase blood sugar levels by signaling the liver to release stored glucose when blood sugar is low. Meanwhile, adrenaline prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses and also increases blood sugar levels, but its primary function is not glucose metabolism regulation in a steady state. Cortisol, while it plays a role in glucose metabolism and stress response, is more focused on the overall energy balance and has a different mechanism than insulin.