What is the primary role of neurons in the nervous system?

The primary role of neurons in the nervous system is to transmit electrical signals. Neurons are specialized cells that process and convey information through electrical impulses. They communicate with each other and with other cells in the body, enabling rapid response to stimuli and facilitating functions such as reflexes, sensory perception, and motor control. This signaling capability allows the nervous system to coordinate bodily functions, respond to the environment, and support complex behaviors such as thinking and memory.

Neurons achieve this through their unique structure, which includes dendrites that receive signals, a cell body that processes these signals, and an axon that transmits signals to other neurons or target cells. This specialized function is critical for the proper functioning of the entire nervous system, making it distinct from other cell types that might perform different roles, such as supporting immune function or transporting oxygen.